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The Enochian letters have English letter equivalents. Some of the letter names are pronounced as they would be in English, but many are pronounced differently. Different documents have slightly different forms of the script. The Enochian script is written from right to left, and may include diacritical marks. While these texts contain most of the vocabulary, dozens of further words are found hidden throughout Dee's journals, and thousands of undefined words (effectively a second Enochian language) are contained in the Liber Loagaeth. In 49 voices, or callings: which are the Natural Keys to open those, not 49 but 48 (for one is not to be opened) Gates of Understanding, whereby you shall have knowledge to move every Gate. I am therefore to instruct and inform you, according to your Doctrine delivered, which is contained in 49 Tables. Dee was apparently intending to use these Keys to "open the 49 Gates of Wisdom/Understanding" represented by the 49 magic squares in Liber Loagaeth: The Keys are assigned certain functions within the magical system. The texts comprise 48 poetic verses, which in Dee's manuscripts are called "Claves Angelicae", or "Angelic Keys".
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These come with English translations, thus providing the basis for the Enochian vocabulary. The other set of Enochian texts was received through Kelley about a year later, in Kraków, where both alchemists stayed for some time at the court of King Stefan Batory. Dee and Kelley said the angels never translated the texts in this book. The book consists of 49 great letter tables, or squares made of 49 by 49 letters (however each table has a front and a back side, making 98 tables of 49×49 letters altogether). This resulted in the book Liber Loagaeth ("Book Speech from God"). A few days later, Kelley started receiving what became the first corpus of texts in the purported Angelic language. The reception of Enochian started on March 26, 1583, when Kelley reported visions in the crystal of the twenty-one lettered alphabet characteristic of the language. While some phonetic features of Enochian show a connection to glossolalia, others show similarities to the English language. There are only two known verbs with conjugations, one of which, "to be," is highly irregular. Also, the very scant evidence of Enochian verb conjugation seems quite reminiscent of English, more so than with Semitic languages such as Hebrew or Arabic, which Dee claimed were debased versions of the original Angelic language. Their work resulted, among other things, in the reception of the Enochian or Angelical language.Īccording to Laycock's linguistic analysis, the syntax of the Enochian calls is almost identical with that of English. With Kelley's help as a scryer, Dee set out to establish lasting contact with the angels. In 1582, Dee teamed up with the seer Edward Kelley, although Dee had used several other seers previously. In 1581, Dee mentioned in his personal journals that God had sent "good angels" to communicate directly with prophets. If one could speak the language of Angels, it was believed one could directly interact with them. The term "Enochian" comes from Dee's assertion that the Biblical Patriarch Enoch had been the last human (before Dee and Kelley) to know the language.Īccording to Tobias Churton in his text The Golden Builders, the concept of an Angelic or antediluvian language was common during Dee's time. ĭee's journals did not describe the language as "Enochian", instead preferring descriptors like "Angelical", the "Celestial Speech", the "Language of Angels", the "First Language of God-Christ", the "Holy Language" or " Adamical" because, according to Dee's Angels, it was used by Adam in Paradise to name all things. The phonology is thoroughly English the grammar seems to be less so, but the translations are not sufficient to work out much grammar. The language of the Calls, which are translated, may be more like an artificial language. The untranslated language of the Liber Loagaeth manuscript recalls the patterns of glossolalia.
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Several linguists, notably Donald Laycock, have studied the Enochian journals, and argue against any extraordinary features in the language. The language found in Dee's and Kelley's journals encompasses a limited textual corpus, only some of it with translation. The language is integral to the practice of Enochian magic. The men claimed that the language was revealed to them by the Enochian angels. Kelley was a spirit medium who worked with Dee in his magical investigations. Enochian ( / ɪ ˈ n oʊ k i ə n/ ə- NOH-kee-ən) is an occult language or languages, claimed to be angelic, recorded in the private journals of John Dee and his colleague Edward Kelley in late 16th-century England.